Which environmental factor is primarily affected by mulching?

Mulching primarily affects soil moisture conservation by creating a barrier that reduces water evaporation from the soil surface. This layer of organic or inorganic material helps retain moisture in the soil, which is crucial for plant health, especially during warm weather or in dry climates. By limiting evaporation, mulch maintains a more stable moisture level, which allows plants to access the water they need for nutrient uptake and growth.

While other environmental factors, such as temperature regulation, can be influenced by mulch, the primary function and most significant benefit is its ability to conserve soil moisture. Mulch can also impact soil temperature by keeping it cooler in summer and warmer in winter, but its direct role in moisture retention is the standout characteristic that makes it a valuable practice in greenhouse management and gardening.